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This is a log-consolidation scenario. There exist at least two systems, a server and at least one client. The server is meant to gather log data from all the clients. Clients may (or may not) process and store messages locally. If they do doesn’t matter here. See recipe Sending Messages to a Remote Syslog Server for how to configure the clients.

Note that in this scenario, we just receive messages from remote machines but do not process them in any special way. Thus, messages from both the local and all remote systems show up in all log files that are written (as well, of course, in all other actions). While the log files contain the source, messages from all systems are intermixed. If you would like to record messages from remote systems to files different from the local system, please see recipe Storing Messages from a Remote System into a specific File for a potential solution.

This scenario provides samples for both UDP and TCP reception. There exist other choices (like RELP), but these are less frequently used. If in question what to use, check the rsyslog module reference and protocol documentation. Note that most devices send UDP messages by default. UDP is an unreliable transmission protocol, thus messages may get lost. TCP supports much more reliability, so if you can not accept message loss, you need to use TCP. Not all devices support TCP-based transports.

Things to think about

TCP and UDP recpetion are not build-in capabilities. You need to load the imtcp and/or imudp plugin in order to enable it. This needs to be done only once in rsyslog.conf. Do it right at the top. Also note that some distributions may package imtcp and/or imudp in separate packages. If so, you need to install them first.

Rsyslog versions prior to v3 had a command-line switch (-r/-t) to activate remote listening. This switch is still available by default and loads the required plugins and configures them with default parameters. However, that still requires the plugins are present on the system. It is recommended not to rely on compatibility mode but rather use proper configuration.

Note that the server port address specified in $InputTCPServerRun must match the port address that the clients send messages to.

Config Statements

# for TCP use:
module(load="imtcp") # needs to be done just once 
input(type="imtcp" port="514")
# for UDP use:
module(load="imudp") # needs to be done just once 
input(type="imudp" port="514")
# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none      /var/log/messages
# The authpriv file has restricted access.
authpriv.*                                    /var/log/secure
# Log all the mail messages in one place.
mail.*                                        /var/log/maillog
# Log cron stuff
cron.*                                        /var/log/cron
# Everybody gets emergency messages
*.emerg                                       *
# Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file.
uucp,news.crit                                /var/log/spooler
# Save boot messages also to boot.log
local7.*                                      /var/log/boot.log

How it works

Note that loading the plugins is not sufficient. You also need to activate the listeners. Note the subtle difference between the two startup commands. If you need to have listeners for multiple ports, you can define the startup commands more than once. If you need only TCP or only UDP, you can comment out the other part.

Rsyslog comes with a limited set of log file formats. These resemble the default format that people (and log analyzers) usually expect. However, for some reason or another, it may be required to change the log format. In this recipe, we define a new format and use it as the default format for all log files.

Config Statements

$template myFormat,"%rawmsg%\n"
$ActionFileDefaultTemplate myFormat
# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages
# The authpriv file has restricted access.
authpriv.* /var/log/secure
# Log all the mail messages in one place.
mail.* /var/log/maillog
# Log cron stuff
cron.* /var/log/cron
# Everybody gets emergency messages
*.emerg *
# Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file.
uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler
# Save boot messages also to boot.log
local7.* /var/log/boot.log

Things to think about

The template and ActionFileDefaultTemplate statements must be made at the top of the configuration file, before any of the files are specified.

How it works

The Template-statement defines the new format. It consist of fields to be written, potential modifications as well as literal text. In the sample config statement, “rawmsg” ist a property that contains the syslog message as it was received by rsyslogd (“received” from any source, for example a remote system or the local log socket). The string “\n” is a line feed (ASCII LF), a constant being added to the string. Usually, log line templates need to end with “\n”, because without that, all log records would be written into a single line. Note that there are many fields and options for these fields that you can specify. The system is very flexible. But getting into the detail of all of that is beyond the scope of this cookbook-style book. Please see the “property replacer” official documentation for more details.

The $ActionFileDefaultTemplate then makes the newly defined template the default for all file actions. This saves you from specifying it with any single action line. But otherwise, it is equivalent to

$template myFormat,"%rawmsg%\n"

# The authpriv file has restricted access.

authpriv.*      /var/log/secure;myFormat

# Log all the mail messages in one place.

mail.*          /var/log/maillog;myFormat

# Log cron stuff

cron.*          /var/log/cron;myFormat

# Everybody gets emergency messages

*.emerg                                       *

# Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file.

uucp,news.crit  /var/log/spooler;myFormat

# Save boot messages also to boot.log

local7.*        /var/log/boot.log;myFormat

Often, there are some messages that you know you will never store in any log file. Even worse, these messages are sometimes very frequently emitted. There are various ways to get rid of those unwanted messages.

First of all, you need to identify them. Then look carfully and see what is special with these messages. A common case may be that they contain a specific text inside the message itself. If so, you can filter on that text and discard anything that matches. You need to be careful, though: if there are other messages matching this text, these other messages will also be discarded. So it is vital to make sure the text you use is actually unique.

In the sample below, let’s assume that you want to discard messages that contain either the text “user nagios” or “module-alsa-sink.c: ALSA woke us up to write new data to the device, but there was actually nothing to write”. The later is an actual sample from pulseaudio, which is known to spam syslog with an enourmous volume of these messages.

Config Statements

:msg, contains, "user nagios" ~
:msg, contains, "module-alsa-sink.c: ALSA woke us up to
write new data to the device, but there was actually
nothing to write" ~
# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none      /var/log/messages
# The authpriv file has restricted access.
authpriv.*                                    /var/log/secure
# Log all the mail messages in one place.
mail.*                                        /var/log/maillog
# Log cron stuff
cron.*                                        /var/log/cron
# Everybody gets emergency messages
*.emerg                                       *
# Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file.
uucp,news.crit                                /var/log/spooler
# Save boot messages also to boot.log
local7.*                                      /var/log/boot.log

Note that these are just two lines. The second to forth line are just broken for printing purposes. These two must be on a single line in an actual rsyslog.conf.

How it works

Note that the statements are placed on top of rsyslog.conf. This makes them being executed before any other action statement. So each message received will be checked against the two string and be discarded, if a match is found. Note that you can move the discard action to another place inside rsyslog.conf if you would like to write the messages to some files, but not to others. For example, this configuration:

# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.

# Don't log private authentication messages!

*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none      /var/log/messages

# do not log the following to other files

:msg, contains, "user nagios" ~

:msg, contains, "module-alsa-sink.c: ALSA woke us up to

write new data to the device, but there was actually

nothing to write" ~

# The authpriv file has restricted access.

authpriv.*                                    /var/log/secure

# Log all the mail messages in one place.

mail.*                                        /var/log/maillog

logs all messages to /var/log/messages, even those that then shall be discarded.